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Metabolic research · RESEARCH PROFILE

AICAR

A nucleoside analogue used to investigate cellular energy sensing.

1 specification·14 source documents·Source updated Jul 13, 2026

At a glance

A nucleoside analogue used to investigate cellular energy sensing.

This profile separates the compound’s scientific background from specification-specific preparation and source schedules. Begin with the research findings and limitations, then select the formulation you want to examine.

How it works

Inside cells, AICAR can be converted into ZMP, which influences AMP-sensitive signaling including AMPK. Researchers study resulting changes in fuel use and energy regulation. AICAR is not a peptide.[6][1]

Potential benefits & side effects

Interpret each outcome in the context of the study population, formulation and evidence type. Research findings do not establish a personal treatment outcome.

Potential benefits & research findings

The source describes exercise-related and metabolic experiments. A response in an animal endurance test does not establish an exercise substitute or a human benefit.[2][3][6]

Read the original publications to see the measured endpoints, comparator, duration and uncertainty. Mechanistic plausibility and a favorable experimental result are different from demonstrated clinical benefit.

Side effects & evidence limitations

Interpret the reported adverse effects together with the study population, route and observation period. Small or short studies can miss uncommon and delayed harms. Evidence from a related compound does not establish the safety of AICAR.

Source-reported adverse effects and cautions

Observations from preclinical and limited human research.

  • Metabolic Improvements: Increases mitochondrial enzymes, fatty-acid oxidation capacity, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake[3][6]; improves insulin sensitivity in animal models.
  • Safety Profile: Human trials (acadesine, IV) showed tolerable safety up to 210 mg/kg single dose with only mild, transient side effects[5]; research subcutaneous doses are a small fraction of this.
  • Side Effects: Generally well tolerated in studies; possible mild injection-site reactions (redness, irritation) with subcutaneous use.
  • Important: Despite promising preclinical results, AICAR remains experimental; no confirmed clinical benefit in humans has been established, and long-term risks are unknown.
  • Sources are available for independent reading. Individual claims and research schedules have not yet undergone an independent clinical review by Pep Science.

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    SPECIFICATIONS & SOURCE SCHEDULES

    Explore a vial size

    Select the exact formulation. Vial content, target dose and prepared concentration are different measurements.

    Showing 50 mg · 2 source tables

    Source-derived research information. Table phases retain the source’s actual duration; open-ended phases are not converted into a fixed eight-week course. Review the original study before interpreting a schedule.

    Standard / Gradual Approach (3 mL = ~16.7 mg/mL)

    Weeks 1–2Weeks 3–4Weeks 5–8
    Week/PhaseDaily DoseUnits (per injection) (mL)
    Weeks 1–21,000 mcg (1 mg)6 units (0.06 mL)
    Weeks 3–42,000 mcg (2 mg)12 units (0.12 mL)
    Weeks 5–83,000 mcg (3 mg)18 units (0.18 mL)

    Frequency: Inject once daily subcutaneously[3]. For ≤10-unit (≤0.10 mL) administrations, consider 30- or 50-unit insulin syringes for improved readability.

    Advanced Protocol (Higher Doses)

    Weeks 1–2Weeks 3–6Weeks 7–12
    Week/PhaseDaily DoseUnits (per injection) (mL)
    Weeks 1–22,000 mcg (2 mg)12 units (0.12 mL)
    Weeks 3–63,000 mcg (3 mg)18 units (0.18 mL)
    Weeks 7–125,000 mcg (5 mg)30 units (0.30 mL)

    Note: Higher-dose protocols should only be considered when explicitly supported by literature[4]. Research doses remain well below human safety studies (up to 210 mg/kg IV)[5], providing a wide safety margin. Important: This guide is for educational and research purposes only and is not medical advice. Not for human consumption.

    Additional schedule context & duration

    Concise summary of the once-daily research regimen.

    • Research Goal: Activate AMPK pathways to mimic exercise-like metabolic effects[1][6].
    • Schedule: Daily subcutaneous injections for 8–12 weeks (research protocols).
    • Dose Range: 1,000–3,000 mcg daily (conservative); up to 5,000 mcg in advanced protocols.
    • Reconstitution: 3.0 mL per 50 mg vial (~16.7 mg/mL) for precise measurements.
    • Storage: Lyophilized frozen at −20 °C (−4 °F); reconstituted refrigerated 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F) for up to 4 weeks[14].

    Suggested gradual titration approach for research.

    • Start: 1,000 mcg daily; increase by 1,000 mcg every 2 weeks as tolerated.
    • Target: 2,000–3,000 mcg daily by Weeks 3–8 (conservative).
    • Advanced: Up to 5,000 mcg daily if supported by protocol design.
    • Frequency: Once per day (subcutaneous); maintain consistent AMPK activation[3].
    • Timing: Any consistent time; rotate injection sites daily.

    Read this source protocol ↗ · View cited documents ↓

    Preparation

    Preparation and stability depend on the formulation, diluent, container and handling. The source-specific notes below apply to the selected record.
    Reconstitution Steps
    1. Draw 3.0 mL bacteriostatic water with a sterile syringe.
    2. Inject slowly down the vial wall; avoid foaming.
    3. Gently swirl/roll until dissolved (do not shake).
    4. Label and refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F), protected from light.

    Storage Instructions

    Proper storage preserves peptide stability and potency.

    • Lyophilized: Store at −20 °C (−4 °F) in dry, dark conditions; stable up to 24 months[14].
    • Reconstituted: Refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F); use bacteriostatic water; stable ~4 weeks[14].
    • Freeze–Thaw: Avoid repeated cycles; consider aliquots for long-term storage at −20 °C (−4 °F) (3–6 months)[14].
    • Allow vials to reach room temperature before opening to minimize condensation.

    Injection Technique

    General subcutaneous guidance from clinical best-practice resources[8].

    • Clean the vial stopper and injection site with alcohol swabs; allow to dry completely[8].
    • Pinch a skinfold at the chosen site; insert the needle at 45–90° angle into subcutaneous tissue[9].
    • Inject slowly and steadily; do not aspirate for subcutaneous injections[9].
    • Wait a few seconds after full injection before withdrawing the needle.
    • Rotate sites systematically (abdomen at least 2 inches from navel, outer thighs, back of upper arms) to prevent lipohypertrophy[8].
    • Apply gentle pressure with gauze if minor bleeding occurs; do not rub the injection site[8].

    Materials & quantity planning

    Source materials checklist · 50 mg

    Plan based on an 8-week research protocol (conservative dosing).

    • Peptide Vials (AICAR, 50 mg each):

      • 8 weeks (gradual 1–3 mg/day) ≈ 3 vials
      • 12 weeks (2–5 mg/day advanced) ≈ 8 vials
    • Insulin Syringes (U-100, or 30/50-unit for precision):

      • Per week: 7 syringes (1/day)
      • 8 weeks: 56 syringes
      • 12 weeks: 84 syringes
    • Bacteriostatic Water (10 mL bottles): Use 3.0 mL per vial for reconstitution.

      • 8 weeks (3 vials): 9 mL1 × 10 mL bottle
      • 12 weeks (8 vials): 24 mL3 × 10 mL bottles
    • Alcohol Swabs: One for the vial stopper + one for the injection site each day.

      • Per week: 14 swabs (2/day)
      • 8 weeks: 112 swabs → recommend 2 × 100-count boxes
      • 12 weeks: 168 swabs → recommend 2 × 100-count boxes


    Calculate a phased quantity

    Enter each finite phase from the schedule you are studying. Open-ended phases need an explicit duration. Calculation uses 50 mg per vial and 3 mL per vial.

    Complete each phase to calculate totals.

    Quantity estimates exclude preparation losses and expiry. Follow the formulation’s handling and disposal requirements.

    FOLLOW THE EVIDENCE

    References & further reading

    Original publications and source documents cited across this product’s variants. A listed source is not an independent endorsement of a dosing schedule.

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    Related topics are not interchangeable compounds or formulations.